Die Studie zeigt, dass Autobiographien weit mehr sind als individuelle Lebensentwürfe. Vor allem Autobiographien von Paaren zeugen von den Schnittstellen gemeinsamen Lebens und Schreibens. Sie bieten sich in herausragender Weise an, die Zweistimmigkeit im Leben und Schreiben von Paaren in den Blick zu nehmen und relationale Dimensionen des Lebens in kreativen Schaffensprozessen als ethisches und ästhetisches Moment wahrzunehmen. Dem komplexen Beziehungsgeflecht von Autobiographien wird hier am Beispiel des bekannten spanischen Schriftstellerpaares María Teresa León und Rafael Alberti nachgespürt. Über (...) die individuellen Prägungen der Autobiographien hinaus wird das Netz, das zwischen beiden Autoren und Texten im autobiographischen Schreiben gesponnen wurde, aufgedeckt und einer Stereophonie der Autobiographie Raum gegeben. (shrink)

Ante ciertos modelos causales del agente libre inspirados en Tomás de Aquino, resulta interesante atender al modelo causal presentado por Tomás mismo, especialmente en un texto a partir del cual se puede rastrear la exposición de la acción libre como el efecto de los cuatro sentidos causales aristotélicos. Se trata de la cuestión sobre los actos imperados (ST I–II, q. 17); en cuyos primeros cuatro artículos –y en sus textos paralelos– determina que la voluntad es causa agente; la razón práctica, (...) causa ordenadora; y el imperium de ambas (razón y voluntad) se relaciona con el acto imperado como lo formal con lo material. (shrink)

Background: This study investigated the factors affecting the acceptability in France of abortions. Method: 80 study participants from Toulouse and 124 from Metz judged the acceptability of abortion in 64 vignettes composed of five factors: 1) the adolescent's age (15 or 17.5 years), 2) the adolescent's plans to continue schooling or not, 3) the fetus' age (1, 2, 3, or 4 months), 4) the adolescent's parents' agreement or not, and 5) the agreement or not of baby's father. Results: Three clusters (...) were noted: 1) abortion is never acceptable (8% of participants), 2) abortion is always acceptable (23%), and 3) acceptability of abortion depends on the circumstances (63%). In the majority cluster (3), all five factors had significant effects, but the fetus's age accounted for most of the variance (78%). Conclusion: Most subjects in this study judged, in accordance with French law, that the acceptability of induced abortion in minors depends on the circumstances and, in particular, on the fetus' age. (shrink)

Abstract“Patient-centred care” is the recent response to the malaise produced in the field of health care from the point of view both of a technical mentality and the paternalistic model. The interest in the story-telling approach shown by both the humanities and the social sciences has favoured a “narrative turn” in medicine too, where the new ethics of therapeutic relationship consider the hermeneutic method a means by which to integrate evidence and subjectivity, scientific data and patient experience. The aim of (...) this paper is to show how Ricoeur’s theory of “threefold mimesis” makes a conceptual contribution to the use of narrative interviews in nursing and also be successfully transferred into and applied in the field of healthcare in general. First, the paper examines how this narrative approach might open up new possibilities for the acquisition of in-depth knowledge of patients’ life experiences, a condition indispensable for the improvement of the quality of care. Secondly, it highlights how this Ricoeurian method seems capable of provide an opportunity for healthcare professionals to review their own understanding of the caregiver-patient therapeutic relationship, beginning with their confrontation with the patient’s world as revealed by the narrative they provide. (shrink)

The present essay analyzes an eighteenth-century phase of the querelle des monstres and highlights two main points. 1) As the cases of Lémery and Winslow demonstrate, in the period when preformation was the dominant view, the dispute over the origin of monsters carried into the very field of preformation the contrast which had originally opposed it to the now defeated model of epigenesis, namely the alternative between mechanical genesis and pre-existence of the monstrous form itself. 2) One of the most (...) important episodes in the shift of teratology from a primarily theological or metaphysical issue to a purely natural one was due to Albrecht von Haller. Haller shifted the dispute from anatomy to embryology; and it is on an embryological base and not on metaphysics that he built his own demonstration of the original nature of the monster. He was furthermore the only scientist of authority who dealt with teratology from an epigenetic standpoint. His numerous changes of view in the field of embryology did in fact never affect his early adherence to the thesis of original monstrosity. (shrink)

O Índex Auctorum Damnatae Memoriae é, tal como todos os índices de livros proibidos posteriores a 1564, herdeiro do índice tridentino. O cotejo estabelecido entre os dois índices ibéricos de 1612 e 1624 e o documento apresentado reforçam a ideia de que o índice de 1624 tem sido erroneamente apelidado de jesuítico. Esta acusação, nascida da campanha pombalina contra a Companhia de Jesus, amplificada no século XIX, aceite no século XX e de que ainda se vive no século XXI, carece (...) de fundamentação objectiva. (shrink)

Este artículo está motivado por el problema de la responsabilidad colectiva frente a las acciones cometidas por nuestros antepasados y por la pregunta acerca de la legitimidad de las demandas de perdón. Acudiendo al universo conceptual heredado de Hannah Arendt, en este texto se aboga por el ejercicio de la capacidad de juicio como detonante tanto de la demanda de perdón como de la responsabilidad colectiva. El perdón se presenta así no solo como una categoría moral sino fundamentalmente política, imprescindible (...) para reconciliarse con lo acontecido y mirar al futuro con esperanza. (shrink)

Julián Marías (1914-2005) è un pensatore ancora poco conosciuto al lettore italiano, spesso oscurato dall’ombra del suo celebre maestro, José Ortega y Gasset. Filosofo indipendente e coraggioso, offre una proposta più coerente rispetto a Ortega sul tema essenziale comune a entrambi: il poter “dare ragione” della vita evitando gli opposti scogli del razionalismo e del vitalismo. “Dare ragione” della vita significa comprenderla nella sua “condizione morale” che trova espressione nel desiderio di felicità, nell’esigenza di amore e di amicizia, nei differenti (...) vissuti di ciascuna età. Significa riconoscerne la dimensione elettiva: vivere è preferire, saper fornire ragioni per l’opzione di qualcosa rispetto a qualcos’altro. Per questo motivo, più che alla categoria del bene, l’attenzione è rivolta a quella del meglio, fondamentale per comprendere il senso pieno delle proprie scelte e dell’intera trama della propria biografia. (shrink)

This paper presents an approach to the belief system based on a computational framework in three levels: first, the logic level with the definition of binary local rules, second, the arithmetic level with the definition of recursive functions and finally the behavioural level with the definition of a recursive construction pattern. Social communication is achieved when different beliefs are expressed, modified, propagated and shared through social nets. This approach is useful to mimic the belief system because the defined functions provide (...) different ways to process the same incoming information as well as a means to propagate it. Our model also provides a means to cross different beliefs so, any incoming information can be processed many times by the same or different functions as it occurs is social nets. (shrink)

Este artículo se construye en el marco del proyecto de investigación Democracia, igualdad y desacuerdo: conceptos teóricos-metodológicos de Jacques Rancière para pensar la educación en el mundo contemporáneo. El objetivo del proyecto fue la exploración de conceptos como democracia, igualdad y desacuerdo para pensar los sujetos y las realidades educativas desde las lógicas políticas contemporáneas. Como desdoblamiento de la investigación, este artículo explora algunas premisas de Jacques Rancière que permiten pensar las potencialidades políticas de la infancia a partir del reconocimiento (...) de la palabra y del tiempo infantil como formas de experiencia comunitaria. La perspectiva metodológica asume una escritura que elimina las distancias entre los discursos de los filósofos y las voces de las niñas y los niños para afirmar la potencia que tienen sus palabras al momento de pensar un problema filosófico. En este ejercicio de escritura y lectura no jerárquicas se puede apreciar que las palabras de la infancia no son el reflejo, la expresión ni el símbolo de una realidad teórica más elevada, sino que funcionan como condición de posibilidad para que el pensamiento no se detenga. Precisamente, no se busca escribir sobre la infancia, sino con la infancia. No se intenta hallar la verdad de la infancia, sino aprovechar la potencia de sus voces para acorralar al sentido común. De tal forma, se establece la relación entre conflicto político, estatuto de la palabra, infancia e igualdad, lo cual indica la capacidad de la infancia para renovar el sentido de los conceptos sobre los que se fundamenta la sociedad. Por último, se expone que la infancia es una forma de subjetividad que experimenta la temporalidad a partir de la afirmación de intensidades signadas por la curiosidad y la creatividad. Por esto, se constituye como una forma de experiencia política que es capaz de inventar temporalidades múltiples que subvierten el orden de la dominación. (shrink)

A growing body of research has suggested that high levels of family functioning—often measured as positive parent–child communication and low levels of parental stress—are associated with stronger cognitive development, higher levels of school engagement, and more successful peer relations as youth age. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous disruption to various aspects of daily life, especially for parents of young children, ages 3–5, who face isolation, disconnection, and unprecedented changes to how they engage and socialize. Fortunately, both youth and parent (...) brains are plastic and receptive to change. Resilience research shows that factors such as engaging in acts of kindness, developing trusting relationships, and responding compassionately to the feelings of others can help lay new neural pathways and improve quality of life. Yet, little research has investigated the effects of brain healthy parental practices of kindness with pre-school aged children. The current study examines whether an interactive, parent–child kindness curriculum can serve as a potentiator for brain health as measured by resilience and child empathy levels. During a peak of the pandemic, mother participants between the ages of 26–46 completed questionnaires on parental resilience levels and parent-reported child empathic pro-social behaviors before and after engaging in a 4 weeks online, self-paced, kindness curriculum. Half of the group received additional brain health education explaining the principles of neuroplasticity, empathy, perspective taking, and resiliency. Mothers in both groups showed increased resilience and reported higher levels of empathic behavior in their child after completing the curriculum. There was no significant difference between groups. Comparison of mean resilience levels during COVID-19 to pre-pandemic general means indicated that mothers are reporting significantly lower levels of resilience as well as decreased empathetic behaviors in their children. These results support the notion that kindness is a powerful brain health booster that can increase resilience and empathy. This research study was timely and relevant for parents in light of the myriad of stresses brought about by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There are broader public health implications for equipping individuals with tools to take a proactive and preventative approach to their brain health. (shrink)

Nel tradurre Processo e realtà è importante considerare che l'opus magnum di Whitehead ha una natura metafisica, cosmologica e sistematica. Il sitema di Whitehead è aperto; le sue categorie sono interrelate e non vanno considerate separate dall'intero del sistema metafisico. Le generalità metafisiche sono difficili da esprimere e il nostro linguaggio è fortemente limitato. Ciononostante, il traduttore di Processo e realtà deve saper cogliere le parole esatte e rigorose al fine di rendere quella vera e propria "rivoluzione linguistica" introdotta da (...) Whitehead nel suo testo. La traduzione italiana bilingue di Processo e realtà condotta da Maria Regina Brioschi ha in questo senso raggiunto un risultato eccezionale. (shrink)

A fines de los 50 y a lo largo de los años 60 Feyerabend formula su doctrina de la proliferación teórica. Con ella busca inicialmente destacar la presencia positiva de la metafísica en el proceso de explicación teórica. Concretamente, pretende dar cuenta de la impotencia de toda teoría científica de explicar realísticamente el mundo si no estuviera informada por supuestos que sus interlocutores juzgan como a-científicos o pre-científicos. Ahora bien, para poder precisar el papel que juega la metafísica en el (...) proceso de explicación teórica es preciso dilucidar qué entiende Feyerabend por realismo. Entre los especialistas existe una discusión acerca de si este defiende un realismo científico o un antirrealismo. Con el propósito de poder comprender en qué sentido Feyerabend sostiene que la metafísica provee vías de acceso para explicar el mundo, procuraremos demostrar la naturaleza normativa de su realismo. At the end of the 50s and throughout the 60s, Feyerabend formulated his doctrine of theoretical proliferation. With this doctrine, he sought to emphasize the positive presence of metaphysics in the process of theoretical explanation. In particular, he claims to account for the impotence of any scientific theory for realistically explaining the world if it was not informed by some assumptions that his partners judge as non-scientific or pre-scientific. However, in order to specify the role of metaphysics in the process of theoretical explanation it is necessary to clarify what Feyerabend understands for realism. Among specialists there is a discussion about whether he defended a scientific realism or an anti-realism. In order to be able to understand in what sense Feyerabend holds that metaphysics provides access ways to explain the world, we will try to demonstrate the normative nature of his realism. (shrink)

Se reflexiona sobre la posible autoría del documento que se conserva en la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, “_Censura_ sobre los Anales de Tácito…”, ms. 13086. El colector de la miscelánea lo catalogó como anónimo a pesar del nombre que figura en una hoja adjunta al documento: Pedro Ponce de León. En este artículo se plantea una hipótesis sobre su posible autoría: Pedro Ponce de León podría ser el seudónimo con el que ocultó su identidad don Diego de Saavedra Fajardo.

Retraction note: Ortega Camarero, M. T. (2023). Sheltered employment in Spain: Challenges for a new model of special employment centres. HUMAN REVIEW. International Humanities Revista Internacional De Humanidades, 17(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.37467/revhuman.v12.4729 The Editorial Office of Eurasia Academic Publishing Group has retracted this article. An investigation carried out by our Research Integrity Department has found a group of articles, among which this one is found, that are not within the thematic scope of the journal. We believe that the editorial process was (...) manipulated and, furthermore, acceptance decisions were made under possibly inappropriate peer review. (shrink)

Las reflexiones sobre la equidad de John Rawls, Amartya Sen y aun de John Stuart Mill resumidas en este artículo, muestran las graves carencias de la economía al suponer que todos los agentes tienen una única racionalidad, y que el mercado resuelve automáticamente la inequidad haciendo innecesaria una justicia distributiva, como lo afirmara recientemente Robert Nozick. La exclusión de la ética en las reflexiones actuales de la economía tiene su origen en una lectura incompleta y tendenciosa de autores como Adam (...) Smith, John Stuart Mill o León Walras, para quienes la economía era un discurso moral y no mera técnica para llegar a una asignación eficiente de los bienes sociales y, por lo tanto, hoy es urgente la tarea de vincular nuevamente la economía con la ética basada en el consenso, para atender los reclamos de una justicia distributiva. (shrink)

This contribution presents the principal features of ontologies, drawing special attention to the comparison between ontologies and the different kinds of know­ledge organization systems (KOS). The focus is on the semantic richness exhibited by ontologies, which allows the creation of a great number of relationships between terms. That establishes ontologies as the most evolved type of KOS. The concepts of “conceptualization” and “formalization” and the key components of ontologies are described and discussed, along with upper and domain ontologies and special (...) typologies, such as bibliographical ontologies and biomedical ontologies. The use of ontologies in the digital libraries environment, where they have replaced thesauri for query expansion in searching, and the role they are playing in the Semantic Web, especially for semantic interoperability, are sketched. (shrink)

Batteries are a fundamental storage component due to its various applications in mobility, renewable energies and consumer electronics among others. Regardless of the battery typology, one key variable from a user’s perspective is the remaining energy in the battery. It is usually presented as the percentage of remaining energy compared to the total energy that can be stored and is labeled State Of Charge (SOC). This work addresses the development of a hybrid model based on a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) (...) power cell, due to its broad implementation. The proposed model calculates the SOC, by means of voltage and electric current as inputs and the latter as the output. Therefore, four models based on k-Means, Agglomerative Clustering, Gaussian Mixture and Spectral Clustering techniques have been tested in order to obtain an optimal solution. (shrink)

This essay is an attempt to read Merleau-Ponty’s ln Praise of Philosophy as a text in which the French phenomenologist breaks with Sartre and at the same time states his view on philosophical engagement and the relation between philosophy and politics. By reading this Lecture as a reply to Sartre I shall argue that there is a connection between this text and the lively debate that in the fifties opposed the two French philosophers on the place of philosophy in the (...) Lebenswelt. In the letters exchanged at the time, first edited by François Ewald and published in 1994, one can find evidence for understanding their different views. In the Lecture Merleau-Ponty never mentions either Sartre’s name or his philosophy. However, I shall argue that some of Merleau-Ponty’s most important theses are directed against Sartre, namely, when the former claims that there is an opposition between the philosopher and the man of action (or the professional politician). In part one I shall analyse Sartre’s letter to Merleau-Ponty claiming that the Lecture is a self-justification of sorts and accusing him of practising the phenomenological ɛπoχη. This accusation by Sartre is evidence of a clear difference between the sartrean concept of “existential engagement” and Merleau--Ponty’s own concept of the refusal of choice. In part two, I shall try to show that ln Praise of Philosophy belongs to Merleau-Ponty’ s inquiries in phenomenology and this fact must be taken into account. The analysis of Merleau-Ponty’ s letter to Sartre explaining the Lecture clearly shows the relation between the concept of good ambiguity and the concept of engagement. At this point it becomes quite obvious that the dispute between the two philosophers is not over the meaning of engagement but indeed about the meaning of phenomenology and phenomenological ɛπoχη. I shall argue that Merleau-Ponty’s ambiguity is mainly a kind of the husserlean ɛπoχη. I shall also claim that one finds a clear echo of Husserl’ s Vienna Lecture in Merleau-Ponty’ s ln Praise of Philosophy. Finally, I shall show that both lectures are replies to unmentioned philosophers, in which both refuse to identify philosophy with political engagement or national engagement. For them, the task of philosophy is truth as engagement with humanity. (shrink)

Este trabajo es una crítica a la presentación que Rawls hace de Stuart Mill. Demuestra cómo el juicio de Rawls, que considera a Mill un utilitarista sin más, es inadecuado por tomar a los utilitaristas en bloque sin analizar finamente las categorías que emplean. Mill coincide también en algunas tesis con los contractualistas, lo que hace inocua la contraposición utilitarismo-contractualismo en este caso.

In open scenarios, agents willing to cooperate must impact the communication barrier between them and their unknown partners. If agents are not relying on any agreement about the meaning they ascribe to the symbols used in the conversation, semantic misalignments will arise on the discourse domain as well, thus making the communication impossible. In wide and heterogeneous scenarios offered by the Web (and its newborn semantic incarnation), traditional and meaning-safe methodologies for communication need to keep abreast of new dynamic communicative (...) interaction modalities. The uncertainties arising from communication between actors which base their behavior on different and heterogeneous knowledge models have to be taken into account, wisely balancing the extent of “reachable knowledge” with the trustworthiness of its information. Main objective of this work is to augment the FIPA Ontology Service Specification with linguistically-aware methodologies for communication, describing a wide-scope framework for multi-agent systems design, semantic integration and coordination. (shrink)

Los Centros Especiales de Empleo crean empleo para las personas con discapacidad (PCD). Se aborda su situación tras la Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las PCD de la Organización de Naciones Unidas. Las conclusiones corroboran su contribución a la economía social y aportan retos de un modelo cuestionado, que debe abordar aspectos como: la diferenciación de empresas de iniciativa social y privada; la mejora salarial; la relación laboral de carácter especial; los convenios sectoriales; la profesionalización de los equipos de (...) gestión y de apoyo; la capacitación de sus plantillas y la implementación de medidas que garanticen su viabilidad futura. (shrink)

Presentación del libro de Nicolás Rosa Relatos críticos. Cosas animales discursos.

El envejecimiento de la población es resultado de la disminución de las tasas de mortalidad al tiempo que disminuyen las tasas de natalidad. Es un hecho sin precedentes y una consecuencia de la extensión a la población de los beneficios del progreso en el ámbito económico, científico, tecnológico y social. En la tabla 1 se observa que la esperanza de vida al nacimiento de las mujeres españolas es la más alta entre los quince países de la Unión Europea. Entre las (...) de 60 y más años sólo en Francia es algo superior. Un rasgo fundamental de la vejez por las consecuencias que conlleva es que es esencialmente femenina.…. (shrink)